Belgian researcher Marco Dorigo has created a mathematical model that scientifically describes the process of collective intelligence in an ant colony. He published it in his doctoral dissertation in 1992 and implemented it as an algorithm. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a population-based stochastic search method for solving a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is based on the concept of stigmergy. In 1959, Pierre-Paul Grasset invented ...